0. 介绍
1.使用
1.1 安装
pip3 install djangorestframework-simplejwt -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install djangorestframework -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple1.2 settings.py
# 修改配置
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'rest_framework',
]
# 修改DRF认证
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication', # 使用rest_framework_simplejwt(token)验证身份
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # 基于用户名密码认证方式
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' # 基于Session认证方式
],
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated' # 默认权限为验证用户
],
}
# 修改simplejwt
# simplejwt配置， 需要导入datetime模块
SIMPLE_JWT = {
# token有效时长
'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': datetime.timedelta(minutes=30),
# token刷新后的有效时间
'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': datetime.timedelta(days=1),
}
1.3 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
# 导入 simplejwt 提供的几个验证视图类
from rest_framework_simplejwt.views import (
TokenObtainPairView,
TokenRefreshView,
TokenVerifyView
)
urlpatterns = [
# Django 后台
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# DRF 提供的一系列身份认证的接口，用于在页面中认证身份，详情查阅DRF文档
path('api/auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
# 获取Token的接口
path('api/token/', TokenObtainPairView.as_view(), name='token_obtain_pair'),
# 刷新Token有效期的接口
path('api/refresh/', TokenRefreshView.as_view(), name='token_refresh'),
# 验证Token的有效性
path('api/token/verify/', TokenVerifyView.as_view(), name='token_verify'),
]
1.4 创建数据库并添加用户
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser1.5 访问路由
1.5.1 获取token
1.5.2 校验token
http://127.0.0.1/api/token/verify/
校验成功返回{}
1.5.2 刷新
1.6 key介绍
2. 报错AttributeError: ‘str‘ object has no attribute ‘decode‘
(135条消息) AttributeError: ‘str‘ object has no attribute ‘decode‘_骑台风走的博客-CSDN博客
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52385631/article/details/126840588?csdn_share_tail=%7B%22type%22%3A%22blog%22%2C%22rType%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22rId%22%3A%22126840588%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22qq_52385631%22%7D
3. 认证的两种方式
3.1 配置
3.1.1 url
from django.urls import path, re_path
from .views import ArticleListAPIView, ArticleCreateAPIView, ArticleUpdateAPIView
urlpatterns = [
# 图示展示(所有人)
path('list/', ArticleListAPIView.as_view(), name='register'),
]3.1.2 view
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from .models import Article
from .serializers import ArticleListModelSerializer
class ArticleListAPIView(ListAPIView):
"""文章展示视图"""
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
# select_related第一次拿数据时，就跨表拿到数据，防止多次查询
queryset = Article.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).select_related('userinfo')
# print('queryset', queryset.first().__dict__)
serializer_class = ArticleListModelSerializer3.1.3 models
Article
from django.db import models
from users.models import UserInfo
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=225)
desc = models.TextField(verbose_name="文章简介", null=True, blank=True)
content = models.TextField(verbose_name="内容", null=True, blank=True)
userinfo = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='用户', to=UserInfo, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
null=True, blank=True, db_constraint=False)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
# 联合约束
unique_together = ["title", "userinfo"]
# 联合索引
index_together = ["title", "content"]
UserInfo
需要在settings,py里面配置一下 # 注册自定义用户模型，格式：“app应用名.表名称” AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserInfo'
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
"""用户模型类"""
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手机号码', blank=True, null=True, unique=True)
avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatar', verbose_name='用户头像', null=True, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Meta:
# 联合索引,联合同步查询，提高效率
index_together = ["username", "phone"]
3.1.4 serializer
from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
class ArticleListModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
文章展示序列化器
"""
userinfo = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.Article
fields = ['id', 'title', 'desc', 'content', 'userinfo']
def get_userinfo(self, obj):
"""返回userinfo的username"""
return obj.userinfo.username3.2 认证
3.2.1 第一种方式
simplejwt的身份认证方式为：在请求的Headers里面里面添加设置参数，名称为：Authorization, 值是一个固定组成的字符串： Bearer +空格 + access， 例如：Bearer [token值]。 正确的效果如下
3.2.1 第二种
4.Simple JWT的默认设置
# settings.py
from datetime import timedelta
SIMPLE_JWT = {
'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=5), # 访问令牌的有效时间
'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=1), # 刷新令牌的有效时间
'ROTATE_REFRESH_TOKENS': False, # 若为True，则刷新后新的refresh_token有更新的有效时间
'BLACKLIST_AFTER_ROTATION': True, # 若为True，刷新后的token将添加到黑名单中,
# When True,'rest_framework_simplejwt.token_blacklist',should add to INSTALLED_APPS
'ALGORITHM': 'HS256', # 对称算法：HS256 HS384 HS512 非对称算法：RSA
'SIGNING_KEY': SECRET_KEY,
'VERIFYING_KEY': None, # if signing_key, verifying_key will be ignore.
'AUDIENCE': None,
'ISSUER': None,
'AUTH_HEADER_TYPES': ('Bearer',), # Authorization: Bearer <token>
'AUTH_HEADER_NAME': 'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', # if HTTP_X_ACCESS_TOKEN, X_ACCESS_TOKEN: Bearer <token>
'USER_ID_FIELD': 'id', # 使用唯一不变的数据库字段,将包含在生成的令牌中以标识用户
'USER_ID_CLAIM': 'user_id',
# 'AUTH_TOKEN_CLASSES': ('rest_framework_simplejwt.tokens.AccessToken',), # default: access
# 'TOKEN_TYPE_CLAIM': 'token_type', # 用于存储令牌唯一标识符的声明名称 value:'access','sliding','refresh'
#
# 'JTI_CLAIM': 'jti',
#
# 'SLIDING_TOKEN_REFRESH_EXP_CLAIM': 'refresh_exp', # 滑动令牌是既包含到期声明又包含刷新到期声明的令牌
# 'SLIDING_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=5), # 只要滑动令牌的到期声明中的时间戳未通过，就可以用来证明身份验证
# 'SLIDING_TOKEN_REFRESH_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=1), # path('token|refresh', TokenObtainSlidingView.as_view())
}5.自定义
5.1自定义令牌+返回数据格式
5.1.1 seralizers.py
from rest_framework_simplejwt.serializers import TokenObtainPairSerializer
class MyTokenObtainPairSerializer(TokenObtainPairSerializer):
"""
自定义令牌
"""
@classmethod
def get_token(cls, user):
token = super(MyTokenObtainPairSerializer, cls).get_token(user)
# Add custom claims
token['logo'] = '爱谌的缘'
return token
def validate(self, attrs):
"""
自定义返回的格式
"""
old_data = super().validate(attrs)
# refresh = self.get_token(self.user)
data = {'status': 1004,
'msg': '成功',
"token": old_data,
# 'refresh': str(refresh),
# 'access': str(refresh.access_token)
}
return data5.1.2 views.py
from rest_framework_simplejwt.views import TokenObtainPairView
from rest_framework.permissions import AllowAny
from .serializers import MyTokenObtainPairSerializer
class MyObtainTokenPairView(TokenObtainPairView):
permission_classes = (AllowAny,)
serializer_class = MyTokenObtainPairSerializer5.1.3 urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from rest_framework_simplejwt.views import (
TokenObtainPairView,
TokenRefreshView,
TokenVerifyView
)
from .views import MyObtainTokenPairView
urlpatterns = [
# 刷新Token有效期的接口
path('refresh/token/', MyObtainTokenPairView.as_view(), name='token_refresh'),
# 验证Token的有效性
path('check/token/verify/', TokenVerifyView.as_view(), name='token_verify'),
]
5.2 自定义认证后台(Backend)（无法使用）
5.2.1 authenticates.py
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.db.models import Q
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
# 此方法将返回当前活动的用户模型
from rest_framework import serializers
# User = get_user_model()
UserModel = get_user_model()
# print(User)
class MyCustomBackend(ModelBackend):
"""自定义登录，支持用户名，手机，邮箱"""
# print(User, '-------')
def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
# if username is None:
# username = kwargs.get(UserModel.USERNAME_FIELD)
try:
# user = UserModel._default_manager.get_by_natural_key(username)
user = UserModel.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(email=username) | Q(telephone=username))
# print(user, '-------')
except UserModel.DoesNotExist:
# Run the default password hasher once to reduce the timing
# difference between an existing and a nonexistent user (#20760).
UserModel().set_password(password)
else:
if user.check_password(password) and self.user_can_authenticate(user):
return user
5.2.2 settings.py
# 支持多方式登录
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ['users.authenticates.MyCustomBackend']6. jwt解码
class MyTokenObtainPairSerializer(TokenObtainPairSerializer):
"""
自定义令牌
"""
def validate(self, attrs):
"""
自定义返回的格式
"""
from django.conf import settings
from jwt import decode as jwt_decode
refresh = self.get_token(self.user)
# str(refresh.access_token) 就是token
decoded_data = jwt_decode(str(refresh.access_token), settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
print(decoded_data) # {'token_type': 'access', 'exp': 1663135808, 'jti': 'fd27374c6ac14d7b85d344979d812b6f', 'user_id': 1, 'logo': '爱琉的缘'}
return data7. 手动颁发 token
def _make_token(self, user):
"""手动签发token"""
from rest_framework_simplejwt.tokens import RefreshToken
refresh = RefreshToken.for_user(user)
content = {
'refresh': str(refresh),
'access': str(refresh.access_token),
}8. 自定义token异常响应
middleware.py 中间件
class ExceptionChange:
def __init__(self, get_response):
self.get_response = get_response
def __call__(self, request):
response = self.get_response(request)
return response
def process_template_response(self, request, response):
if hasattr(response, 'data'):
data = response.data
# print(data)
if isinstance(data, dict) is True:
if "detail" in data.keys():
# 用户名或密码错误
if data.get("detail") == "No active account found with the given credentials":
del response.data["detail"]
response.data["code"] = 402
response.data["msg"] = "用户名或者密码错误!"
# 验证信息过期 token 过期
if data.get("detail") == "此令牌对任何类型的令牌无效":
del response.data["detail"]
del response.data["messages"]
response.data["code"] = 401
response.data["msg"] = "登录已过期，请重新登录"
# 未使用验证信息 未带验证信息请求
if data.get("detail") == "身份认证信息未提供。": # 身份认证信息未提供。
del response.data["detail"]
response.data["code"] = 401
response.data["msg"] = "登录已过期，请重新登录"
# refresh 无效或者过期
if data.get("detail") == "令牌无效或已过期": # 身份认证信息未提供。
del response.data["detail"]
response.data["code"] = 403
response.data["msg"] = "令牌无效或已过期"
return response
在setting中配置
MIDDLEWARE = [
...
'users.middleware.ExceptionChange',
]9. 权限
10. 认证
django: 配置为AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS，
setting.py不写的话，AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS默认设置为(‘django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend’,)，
2. 按照 AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS 的排列顺序，如果同样的用户名和密码在第一次就匹配了，那么Django将停止处理后面的东西
3. restful: 配置为 DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES
11. 本文借鉴
(143条消息) djangorestframework-simplejwt入门教程_做我的code吧的博客-CSDN博客
(143条消息) Django REST Framework教程(7): 如何使用JWT认证(神文多图)_大江狗的博客-CSDN博客
djangorestframework-simplejwt简单使用 – 简书 (jianshu.com)(143条消息) DjangoRestFramework 使用 simpleJWT 登陆认证_PFFFei的博客-CSDN博客
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52385631/article/details/126840331
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