本文介绍: 立体图形一个方向只能看到三个面,于是我们通过echarts图表实现 顶部,明面,和暗面。更多参数配置,前往echarts官网查询

1.3D柱状图

原理

立体图形从一个方向只能看到三个面,于是我们通过echarts图表实现 顶部,明面,和暗面。

效果图如下

需要四份数据两个柱子数据+X轴数据+颜色数据

通过setDatasetColor生成需要的数据,横向柱状图同理,参照代码注释

以下是完整案例代码

<!DOCTYPE html&gt;
<html&gt;
	<head&gt;
		<meta charset="utf8"&gt;</meta&gt;
		<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/echarts/5.4.2/echarts.min.js"&gt;</script>
	</head>
	<style>
		* {
			margin: 0;
			padding: 0;
			box-sizing: border-box;
		}
		.border {
			border: 1px solid #000;
		}

		.left {
			width: 25%;
			height: 100%;
			margin: 0 auto;
		}		
	</style>
	<body>
		<div class="left border">
			<div id="litiBar1" style="width:100%;height:400px;background-color: #000;"></div>
		</div>
	</body>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		//组织数据
		let setData = function(data, constData, showData) {
			data.filter(function(item) {
				if (item) {
					constData.push(1);
					showData.push(item);
				} else {
					constData.push(0);
					showData.push({
						value: 1,
						itemStyle: {
							normal: {
								borderColor: "rgba(0,0,0,0)",
								borderWidth: 2,
								color: "rgba(0,0,0,0)",
							},
						},
					});
				}
			});
		}
		//组织颜色
		let setColor = function(colorArr) {
			let color = {
				type: "linear",
				x: 0,
				x2: 1,
				y: 0,
				y2: 0,
				/* 此处决定阴暗面 若为横向柱状图x,y轴调换
					x: 0,
					x2: 0,
					y: 0,
					y2: 1, */
				colorStops: [{
						offset: 0,
						color: colorArr[0],
					},
					{
						offset: 0.5,
						color: colorArr[0],
					},
					{
						offset: 0.5,
						color: colorArr[1],
					},
					{
						offset: 1,
						color: colorArr[1],
					},
				],
			};
			return color
		}

		var vehicle = [45, 25, 48, 62, 35]
		var controlBall = [23, 12, 52, 14, 9]

		var barWidth = 30;
		var constData1 = [];
		var showData1 = [];


		var constData2 = [];
		var showData2 = [];

		setData(vehicle, constData1, showData1)
		setData(controlBall, constData2, showData2)

		var colorArr1 = ["#345A8B", "#387ABD", "#51C0DB"];
		var colorArr2 = ["#51C0DB", "#42D9D6", "#45F5F1"];

		var color1 = setColor(colorArr1)
		var color2 = setColor(colorArr2)





		var option = {
			tooltip: {
				trigger: 'axis',
				axisPointer: {
					type: 'shadow'
				}
			},
			legend: {
				show: false
			},
			grid: {
				top: '15%',
				bottom: '15%'
			},
			xAxis: {
				type: 'category',
				axisLabel: {
					color: '#FFFFFF'
				},
				axisLine: {
					show: true,
					lineStyle: {
						color: '#1B3F66'
					}
				},
				axisTick: {
					show: false
				},
				data:  ['合肥', '安庆', '芜湖', '南京', '杭州']
			},
			yAxis: {
				type: 'value',
				axisLabel: {
					color: '#FFFFFF'
				},
				axisLine: {
					show: true,
					lineStyle: {
						color: '#1B3F66'
					}
				},
				splitLine: {
					lineStyle: {
						color: '#1B3F66'
					}
				}
			},
			series: [{
					z: 1,
					type: 'bar',
					name: '柱子1',
					barGap: "15%", //相邻柱子间距
					itemStyle: {
						borderRadius: [0, 0, 0, 0],//柱子四周圆角
						color: color1//柱子左右颜色(深,浅)
					},
					data: vehicle //Y轴上的高度
				},
				// ---------------------------------------------
				{
					z: 2,
					name: '柱子1',
					type: "pictorialBar",
					data: constData1,//此数据对应底部组件
					symbol: "diamond",//底部组件形状,不写默认椭圆
					symbolOffset: ["-58%", "50%"],//与柱子偏移角度
					symbolSize: [25, 10],//底面[宽,高]
					itemStyle: {
						normal: {
							color: color1//底面左右颜色(深,浅)
						},
					},
					tooltip: {
						show: false,
					},
				},
				{
					z: 3,
					name: '柱子1',
					type: "pictorialBar",
					symbolPosition: "end",
					data: showData1,//此数据对应顶部组件
					symbol: "diamond",
					symbolOffset: ["-55%", "-50%"],
					symbolSize: [barWidth - 4, (10 * (barWidth - 4)) / barWidth],
					itemStyle: {
						normal: {
							/* borderColor: colorArr1[2],
							borderWidth: 2, */ //加上棱角分明
							color: colorArr1[2]
						},
					},
					tooltip: {
						show: false,
					},
				}, {
					z: 1,
					type: 'bar',
					name: '柱子2',
					itemStyle: {
						borderRadius: [0, 0, 0, 0],
						color: color2
					},
					data: controlBall
				},
				{
					z: 2,
					name: '柱子2',
					type: "pictorialBar",
					data: constData2,
					symbol: "diamond",
					symbolOffset: ["58%", "50%"],
					symbolSize: [25, 10], //=========================
					itemStyle: {
						normal: {
							color: color2
						},
					},
					tooltip: {
						show: false,
					},
				},
				{
					z: 3,
					name: '柱子2',
					type: "pictorialBar",
					symbolPosition: "end",
					data: showData2,
					symbol: "diamond",
					symbolOffset: ["58%", "-50%"],
					symbolSize: [barWidth - 4, (10 * (barWidth - 4)) / barWidth],
					itemStyle: {
						normal: {
						/* 	borderColor: colorArr2[2],
							borderWidth: 2, */
							color: colorArr2[2]
						},
					},
					tooltip: {
						show: false,
					},
				}
			]
		}
		let chart1 = echarts.init(document.querySelector("#litiBar1"))
		chart1.setOption(option)
	
	</script>
	

</html>

 2.3D饼图

3D饼图没有标签实现方式是将2d饼图,旋转一定角度覆盖于3D表面如果有好的方法,欢迎评论区留下链接

注意:需要引入echarts版本对应echartsgl

效果图如下

 

完整代码实例:(根据需要自行调整)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Ehcarts Demo</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/4.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://echarts.baidu.com/resource/echarts-gl-latest/dist/echarts-gl.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div id="chartsContent" style="width:560px;height:150px;"></div>
    </div>
    <script>
        var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('chartsContent'));
        // 生成扇形的曲面参数方程用于 series-surface.parametricEquation
        function getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered) {
            // 计算
            let midRatio = (startRatio + endRatio) / 2;

            let startRadian = startRatio * Math.PI * 2;
            let endRadian = endRatio * Math.PI * 2;
            let midRadian = midRatio * Math.PI * 2;

            // 如果只有一个扇形,则不实现选中效果。
            if (startRatio === 0 &amp;&amp; endRatio === 1) {
                isSelected = false;
            }

            // 计算选中效果分别在 x 轴、y 轴方向上的位移位移均为 0)
            let offsetX = 0;
            let offsetY = 0;
            // 计算选中效果在 z 轴方向上的位移(未选中位移均为 0)
            let offsetZ = isSelected ? 0.25 : 0;
            // 计算高亮效果放大比例(未高亮,则比例为 1)
            let hoverRate = isHovered ? 1.05 : 1;

            let tmp = 0;

            // 返回曲面参数方程
            return {
                u: {
                    min: 0,
                    max: Math.PI * 2,
                    step: Math.PI / 100,
                },

                v: {
                    min: 0,
                    max: Math.PI,
                    step: Math.PI / 50,
                },

                x: function (u, v) {
                    if (midRatio - 0.5 < 0) {
                        if (u < startRadian || u > midRadian + Math.PI) {
                            tmp =
                                u - Math.PI - midRadian < 0
                                    ? u + Math.PI - midRadian
                                    : u - Math.PI - midRadian;
                            return (
                                offsetX +
                                ((Math.sin(startRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                        if (u > endRadian &amp;&amp; u < midRadian + Math.PI) {
                            tmp = midRadian + Math.PI - u;
                            return (
                                offsetX +
                                ((Math.sin(endRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (u < startRadian &amp;&amp; u > midRadian - Math.PI) {
                            tmp = u + Math.PI - midRadian;
                            return (
                                offsetX +
                                ((Math.sin(startRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                        if (u > endRadian || u < midRadian - Math.PI) {
                            tmp =
                                midRadian - Math.PI - u < 0
                                    ? midRadian + Math.PI - u
                                    : midRadian - Math.PI - u;
                            return (
                                offsetX +
                                ((Math.sin(endRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                    }
                    return offsetX + Math.sin(v) * Math.sin(u) * hoverRate;
                },

                y: function (u, v) {
                    if (midRatio - 0.5 < 0) {
                        if (u < startRadian || u > midRadian + Math.PI) {
                            tmp =
                                u - Math.PI - midRadian < 0
                                    ? u + Math.PI - midRadian
                                    : u - Math.PI - midRadian;
                            return (
                                offsetY +
                                ((Math.cos(startRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                        if (u > endRadian && u < midRadian + Math.PI) {
                            tmp = midRadian + Math.PI - u;
                            return (
                                offsetY +
                                ((Math.cos(endRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (u < startRadian && u > midRadian - Math.PI) {
                            tmp = u + Math.PI - midRadian;
                            return (
                                offsetY +
                                ((Math.cos(startRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                        if (u > endRadian || u < midRadian - Math.PI) {
                            tmp =
                                midRadian - Math.PI - u < 0
                                    ? midRadian + Math.PI - u
                                    : midRadian - Math.PI - u;
                            return (
                                offsetY +
                                ((Math.cos(endRadian) * tmp) /
                                    (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
                                hoverRate
                            );
                        }
                    }
                    return offsetY + Math.sin(v) * Math.cos(u) * hoverRate;
                },

                z: function (u, v) {
                    return offsetZ + (Math.cos(v) > 0 ? 0.1 : -0.1);
                },
            };
        }
        // 生成模拟 3D 饼图的配置项
        function getPie3D(pieData) {
            let series = [];
            let sumValue = 0;
            let startValue = 0;
            let endValue = 0;
            let legendData = [];
            // 为每一个饼图数据,生成一个 series-surface 配置
            for (let i = 0; i < pieData.length; i++) {
                sumValue += pieData[i].value;
                let seriesItem = {
                    name:
                        typeof pieData[i].name === "undefined"
                            ? `series${i}`
                            : pieData[i].name,
                    type: "surface",
                    parametric: true,
                    wireframe: {
                        show: false,
                    },
                    pieData: pieData[i],
                    pieStatus: {
                        selected: false,
                        hovered: false,
                    },
                };

                if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle != "undefined") {
                    let itemStyle = {};
                    if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle.color != "undefined") {
                        itemStyle.color = pieData[i].itemStyle.color;
                    }
                    if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle.opacity != "undefined") {
                        itemStyle.opacity = pieData[i].itemStyle.opacity;
                    }
                    seriesItem.itemStyle = itemStyle;
                }
                series.push(seriesItem);
            }
            // 使用一次遍历时,计算出的数据和 sumValue调用 getParametricEquation 函数,
            // 向每个 series-surface 传入不同的参数方程 series-surface.parametricEquation,也就是实现一个扇形。
            for (let i = 0; i < series.length; i++) {
                endValue = startValue + series[i].pieData.value;
                series[i].pieData.startRatio = startValue / sumValue;
                series[i].pieData.endRatio = endValue / sumValue;
                series[i].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(
                    series[i].pieData.startRatio,
                    series[i].pieData.endRatio,
                    false,
                    false
                );
                startValue = endValue;
                legendData.push(series[i].name);
            }
            // 补充一个透明圆环用于支撑高亮功能的近似实现。
            series.push({
                name: "mouseoutSeries",
                type: "surface",
                parametric: true,
                wireframe: {
                    show: false,
                },
                itemStyle: {
                    opacity: 0,
                },
                parametricEquation: {
                    u: {
                        min: 0,
                        max: Math.PI * 2,
                        step: Math.PI / 20,
                    },
                    v: {
                        min: 0,
                        max: Math.PI,
                        step: Math.PI / 20,
                    },
                    x: function (u, v) {
                        return Math.sin(v) * Math.sin(u) + Math.sin(u);
                    },
                    y: function (u, v) {
                        return Math.sin(v) * Math.cos(u) + Math.cos(u);
                    },
                    z: function (u, v) {
                        return Math.cos(v) > 0 ? 0.1 : -0.1;
                    },
                },
            });
            // 准备返回配置项,把准备好的 legendData、series 传入。
            let option = {
                legend: {
                    show: false,
                    data: legendData,
                },
                xAxis3D: {
                    min: -1,
                    max: 1,
                },
                yAxis3D: {
                    min: -1,
                    max: 1,
                },
                zAxis3D: {
                    min: -1,
                    max: 1,
                },
                grid3D: {
                    show: false,
                    boxHeight: 200, // 厚度
                    top: 4,
                    left: 0,
                    boxWidth: 244,
                    viewControl: {
                        //3d效果可以放大旋转等,请自己查看官方配置
                        alpha: 45, // 角度
                        beta: 0, // 饼块开始位置角度
                        rotateSensitivity: 0,
                        zoomSensitivity: 0,
                        panSensitivity: 0,
                        autoRotate: false,
                    },
                    light: {
                        main: {
                            color: "rgb(85, 84, 84)", // 主光源的颜色。
                            shadow: true, // 主光源是否投射阴影
                            alpha: 80, // 主光源绕 x 轴,即上下旋转的角度
                        },
                    },
                },
                series: series,
            };
            return option;
        }

        // 监听鼠标事件实现饼图选中效果单选),近似实现高亮放大效果。
        let selectedIndex = '';
        let hoveredIndex = '';

        // 监听点击事件实现选中效果单选myChart.on('click', function (params) {
            // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否选中取反。
            let isSelected = !option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected;
            let isHovered = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.hovered;
            let startRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.startRatio;
            let endRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.endRatio;

            // 如果之前选中过其他扇形,将其取消选中(对 option 更新)
            if (selectedIndex !== '' && selectedIndex !== params.seriesIndex) {
                option.series[selectedIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(option.series[selectedIndex].pieData.startRatio, option.series[selectedIndex].pieData.endRatio, false, false);
                option.series[selectedIndex].pieStatus.selected = false;
            }

            // 对当前点击的扇形,执行选中/取消选中操作(对 option 更新option.series[params.seriesIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
            option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected = isSelected;

            // 如果本次是选中操作记录上次选中的扇形对应系列号 seriesIndex
            isSelected ? selectedIndex = params.seriesIndex : null;

            console.log('option-click: ', option)
            // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
            myChart.setOption(option);
        });

        // 监听 mouseover,近似实现高亮放大效果
		
        myChart.on('mouseover', function (params) {

            // 准备重新渲染扇形所需的参数
            let isSelected;
            let isHovered;
            let startRatio;
            let endRatio;

            // 如果触发 mouseover 的扇形当前已高亮,则不做操作
            if (hoveredIndex === params.seriesIndex) {
                return;
                // 否则进行高亮及必要的取消高亮操作
            } else {
                // 如果当前有高亮的扇形,取消其高亮状态(对 option 更新)
                if (hoveredIndex !== '') {
                    // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置为 false。
                    isSelected = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.selected;
                    isHovered = false;
                    startRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.startRatio;
                    endRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.endRatio;

                    // 对当前点击的扇形,执行取消高亮操作(对 option 更新)
                    option.series[hoveredIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
                    option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;

                    // 将此前记录的上次选中的扇形对应系列号 seriesIndex 清空
                    hoveredIndex = '';
                }

                // 如果触发 mouseover 的扇形不是透明圆环,将其高亮(对 option 更新)
                if (params.seriesName !== 'mouseoutSeries') {
                    // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置true。
                    isSelected = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected;
                    isHovered = true;
                    startRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.startRatio;
                    endRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.endRatio;

                    // 对当前点击的扇形,执行高亮操作(对 option 更新)
                    option.series[params.seriesIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
                    option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;

                    // 记录上次高亮的扇形对应系列号 seriesIndex
                    hoveredIndex = params.seriesIndex;
                }
                // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
                myChart.setOption(option);
            }
        });

        // 修正取消高亮失败bug
        myChart.on('globalout', function () {


            if (hoveredIndex !== '') {
                // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置true。
                isSelected = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.selected;
                isHovered = false;
                startRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.startRatio;
                endRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.endRatio;

                // 对当前点击的扇形,执行取消高亮操作(对 option 更新)
                option.series[hoveredIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
                option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;

                // 将此前记录的上次选中的扇形对应的系列号 seriesIndex 清空
                hoveredIndex = '';
            }

            // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
            myChart.setOption(option);
        });

        const colorList = ['#D98053', '#E2B062', '#5A9CF1', '#6ED3D3']
        const dataSource = [{
            name: "啤酒",
            value: 25,
        },
        {
            name: "高粱酒",
            value: 25,
        },
        {
            name: "桃花酿",
            value: 30,
        },
        {
            name: "白酒",
            value: 20,
        }]
        const paramsList = dataSource.map((item, index) => {
            return {
                ...item,
                shading: 'realistic',
                itemStyle: {
                    color: colorList[index]
                },
            }
        })
        // 传入数据生成 option
        let option = getPie3D(paramsList);

        // 是否需要label指引线,如果要就添加一个透明的2d饼状图并调整角度使得labelLine和3d的饼状图对齐,并再次setOption
        option.series.push({
            name: '酒水销售占比', //自己根据场景修改
            type: 'pie',
            hoverAnimation: false,// 悬停不放大
            label: {
                // position: "bottom",
                formatter: function (params) {
                    return `{percentSty|${params.percent}%}n{nameSty|${params.name}}`;
                },
                rich: {
                    nameSty: {
                        fontSize: 16,
                        lineHeight: 22,
                        fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
                        fintWeight: 400,
                    },
                    percentSty: {
                        fontSize: 14,
                        lineHeight: 20,
                        fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
                        fintWeight: 400,
                        color: '#FFFFFF',
                    },
                    countSty: {
                        fontSize: 14,
                        lineHeight: 20,
                        fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
                        fintWeight: 400,
                        color: '#B9D3ED',
                        padding: [0, 8, 0, 8],
                        backgroundColor: 'rgb(90,156,241,0.3)',
                        borderRadius: 2,
                    },
                },
            },
            labelLine: {
                showAbove: false,
                length: 20, // 视觉引导线第一段的长度
                length2: 40, // 视觉引导项第二段的长度
                lineStyle: {
                    color: "#686868", // 改变标示线的颜色
                    width: 1,
                    type: 'solid', // 线的类型
                },
            },
            startAngle: 60, // 起始角度,支持范围[0, 360]。
            clockwise: true, // 饼图的扇区是否是顺时针排布。上述这两项配置主要是为了对齐3d的样式
          /*  radius: ['40%', '52%'],
            center: ['50%', '53%'], */
            data: paramsList,
            itemStyle: {
                opacity: 0  //这里必须是0,不然2d的图会覆盖表面
            }
        })
        console.log('demo配置参数',option);
		myChart.setOption(option)
    </script>
    <style>
        .container {
            width: 560px;
            height: 164px;
            background-color: #000000;
            position: relative;
        }

        .imgContent {
            width: 164px;
            height: 86px;
            position: absolute;
            left: 50%;
            top: 50%;
            transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
            z-index: 5;
        }
    </style>
</body>

</html>

更多参数配置,前往echarts官网查询传送门

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_57798646/article/details/131067725

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