本文介绍: 定义跨域(CORS)是指不同域名之间相互访问。跨域,指的是浏览器不能执行其他网站的脚本,它是由浏览器的同源策略所造成的,是浏览器对于JavaScript所定义的安全限制策略。当一个请求url的协议、域名、端口三者之间任意一个与当前页面url不同即为跨域。原因在前后端分离的模式下,前后端的域名是不一致的,此时就会发生跨域访问问题。在请求的过程中我们要想回去数据一般都是post/get请求,所以…跨域问题出现。
背景
我们在开发过程中经常会遇到前后端分离而导致的跨域问题,导致无法获取返回结果。跨域就像分离前端和后端的一道鸿沟,君在这边,她在那边,两两不能往来.
一、什么是跨域?为什么会出现跨域
-
什么情况会跨域
二、Java实现跨域方式
2.1、返回新的 CorsFilter(全局跨域)
package org.chuancey.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;
@Configuration
public class GlobalCorsConfig {
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
//1. 添加 CORS配置信息
CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
// 放行哪些原始域
config.addAllowedOrigin("*");
// 是否发送 Cookie
config.setAllowCredentials(true);
// 放行哪些请求方式
config.addAllowedMethod("*");
// 放行哪些原始请求头部信息
config.addAllowedHeader("*");
// 暴露哪些头部信息
config.addExposedHeader("*");
//2. 添加映射路径
UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
corsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**",config);
//3. 返回新的CorsFilter
return new CorsFilter(corsConfigurationSource);
}
}
2.2、重写 WebMvcConfigurer(全局跨域)
package org.chuancey.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/**")
//放行哪些原始域
.allowedOrigins("*")
.allowedHeaders("*")
// 是否发送Cookie
.allowCredentials(true)
.allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "OPTIONS", "DELETE", "PUT", "PATCH")
.maxAge(3600);
}
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");
registry.addResourceHandler("swagger-ui.html")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("doc.html")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
}
}
2.3、使用注解 (局部跨域)
在控制器(类上)上使用注解 @CrossOrigin,表示该类的所有方法允许跨域。
@RestController
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*")
public class VerificationController {
}
@PostMapping("/check/phone")
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*")
public boolean checkPhoneNumber(@RequestBody @ApiParam VerificationPojo verification) throws BusinessException {
return false;
}
2.4、手动设置响应头(局部跨域)
使用 HttpServletResponse 对象添加响应头(Access-Control-Allow-Origin)来授权原始域,这里 Origin的值也可以设置为 “*”,表示全部放行。
@RequestMapping("/home")
public String home(HttpServletResponse response) {
response.addHeader("Access-Allow-Control-Origin","*");
return "home";
}
2.5、使用自定义filter实现跨域
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Slf4j
@Configuration
@WebFilter(filterName = "accessFilter", urlPatterns = "/*")
public class MyCorsFilter implements Filter {
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with,content-type");
chain.doFilter(req, res);
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {log.info("AccessFilter过滤器初始化!");}
public void destroy() {}
}
<!-- 跨域访问 START-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CorsFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.chuancey.filter.MyCorsFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CorsFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 跨域访问 END -->
2.6、Spring Cloud Gateway 跨域配置
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
globalcors:
cors-configurations:
'[/**]':
# 允许跨域的源(网站域名/ip),设置*为全部
# 允许跨域请求里的head字段,设置*为全部
# 允许跨域的method, 默认为GET和OPTIONS,设置*为全部
allow-credentials: true
allowed-origins:
- "http://xb.abc.com"
- "http://sf.xx.com"
allowed-headers: "*"
allowed-methods:
- OPTIONS
- GET
- POST
- DELETE
- PUT
- PATCH
max-age: 3600
注意: 通过gateway 转发的其他项目,不要进行配置跨域配置
有时即使配置了也不会起作用,这时你可以根据浏览器控制的错误输出来查看问题,如果提示是 response 中 header 出现了重复的 Access-Control-* 请求头,可以进行如下操作
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.NettyWriteResponseFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
@Component("corsResponseHeaderFilter")
public class CorsResponseHeaderFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public int getOrder() {
// 指定此过滤器位于NettyWriteResponseFilter之后
// 即待处理完响应体后接着处理响应头
return NettyWriteResponseFilter.WRITE_RESPONSE_FILTER_ORDER + 1;
}
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.defer(() -> {
exchange.getResponse().getHeaders().entrySet().stream()
.filter(kv -> (kv.getValue() != null && kv.getValue().size() > 1))
.filter(kv -> (
kv.getKey().equals(HttpHeaders.ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN)
|| kv.getKey().equals(HttpHeaders.ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS)
|| kv.getKey().equals(HttpHeaders.ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_METHODS)
|| kv.getKey().equals(HttpHeaders.ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_HEADERS)
|| kv.getKey().equals(HttpHeaders.ACCESS_CONTROL_MAX_AGE)))
.forEach(kv -> {
kv.setValue(new ArrayList<String>() {{
add(kv.getValue().get(0));
}});
});
return chain.filter(exchange);
}));
}
}
2.7、使用Nginx配置
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS;
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
return 204;
}
}
2.8、继承 HandlerInterceptorAdapter
@Component
public class CrossInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
return true;
}
}
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/u011397981/article/details/131793685
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