Python之数据可视化（地图）

本文介绍: 运用Python实现数据的可视化

一基础地图应用

导入map地图对象

from pyecharts.charts import Map
map = Map()

写入数据

data = [
    ("北京市",100),
    ("上海市",152),
    ("广东省",102),
    ("河南省",153),
    ("湖北省",199),
    ("台湾省",123)
]

添加数据

map.add("测试地图",data,"china")

设置全局选项

map.set_global_opts(
    visualmap_opts=VisualMapOpts(
        is_show=True,
        is_piecewise=True,
        pieces=[
            {"min":1,"max":9,"label":"1-9","color":"#CCFFFF"},
            {"min": 10, "max": 99, "label": "10-99", "color": "#FF6666"},
            {"min": 100,"max": 500, "label": "100-500", "color": "#990033"}
        ]
    )
)

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绘制地图

map.render()

运行效果

二全国疫情图

一数据准备

这里已经提前准备好了（JSON数据），如果有需要的可以私我（或者到黑马中找资料）：黑马程序员-解锁你的IT职业薪未来！ (itheima.com)

二数据处理

首先对JSON数据进行可视化

JSON在线视图查看器(Online JSON Viewer) (ab173.com)

我们要得到各个省份的名称，就要分析数据中省份所处在的层次，如图所示：
# 将JSON数据转换为Python字典
data_dict = json.loads(data)
# 从字典中取出省份
province_data_list = data_dict['areaTree'][0]['children'].
同理我们也可以获得确诊人数
province_confirm = province_data['total']['confirm']  # 省份确诊人数

获得省份名称

获得确诊人数

对特殊省份的名字处理

因为我们JSON的数据给的时候只给了身份简称，导致地图识别省份时无法匹配，因此我们要自己处理。

for province_data in province_data_list:
    if province_data['name'] =="北京" or province_data['name'] =="上海" or province_data['name'] =="重庆":
        province_name = province_data['name']+"市"
    elif province_data['name'] == "广西":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "壮族自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "内蒙古" or province_data['name'] == "西藏":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "新疆":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "维吾尔自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "宁夏":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "回族自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "香港" or province_data['name'] == "澳门":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "特别行政区"
    else:
        province_name = province_data['name']+"省"  # 省份名称
    province_confirm = province_data['total']['confirm']  # 省份确诊人数
    data_list.append((province_name,province_confirm))  # 将数据添加到列表中

全部代码

import json
from pyecharts.charts import Map
from pyecharts.options import *
# 读取文件数据
f = open("D:/疫情.txt","r",encoding="UTF-8")
data = f.read()
# 关闭文件
f.close()
# 将JSON数据转换为Python字典
data_dict = json.loads(data)
# 从字典中取出省份
province_data_list = data_dict['areaTree'][0]['children']
# 创建一个数据列表存放地图所用的数据
data_list = []
# 组装每个省份和确诊人数为元组，并将各个省份的数据封装进入列表内
for province_data in province_data_list:
    if province_data['name'] =="北京" or province_data['name'] =="上海" or province_data['name'] =="重庆":
        province_name = province_data['name']+"市"
    elif province_data['name'] == "广西":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "壮族自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "内蒙古" or province_data['name'] == "西藏":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "新疆":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "维吾尔自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "宁夏":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "回族自治区"
    elif province_data['name'] == "香港" or province_data['name'] == "澳门":
        province_name = province_data['name'] + "特别行政区"
    else:
        province_name = province_data['name']+"省"  # 省份名称
    province_confirm = province_data['total']['confirm']  # 省份确诊人数
    data_list.append((province_name,province_confirm))  # 将数据添加到列表中

# 创建地图对象
map = Map()
# 为地图添加数据
map.add("各省份确诊人数",data_list,"china")
# 设置全局配置
map.set_global_opts(
    title_opts=TitleOpts(title="全国疫情地图"),
    visualmap_opts=VisualMapOpts(  # 添加视觉映射
        is_show=True,              # 是否显示
        is_piecewise=True,         # 是否分段
        pieces=[
            {"min":1,"max":99, "lable": '1~99人', "color": "#CCFFFF"},
            {"min":100,"max":999,"lable":"100~999人","color": "#FFFF99"},
            {"min":1000,"max":4999,"lable":"1000~4999人","color": "#FF9966"},
            {"min":5000,"max":9999,"lable":"5000~99999人","color": "#FF6666"},
            {"min":10000,"max":99999,"lable":"10000~99999人","color":  "#CC3333"},
            {"min":100000,"lable":"100000+","color":"#990033"}
        ]
    )
)
# 绘图
map.render("全国疫情地图.html")

运行效果

二湖北省疫情图

一数据准备

前面我们准备的数据中包含了各个省份的信息我们取出来使用即可。

二数据处理

对文件进行处理

将JSON数据转换为Python字典

将数据变为元组存放再列表中

构建地图配置全局选项

全部代码

import json
from pyecharts.charts import Map
from pyecharts.options import *
# 打开文件
f = open("D:/疫情.txt","r",encoding="UTF-8")
# 读取文件中的数据
data = f.read()
# 关闭文件
f.close()
# 将JSON数据转换为Python字典
data_dict = json.loads(data)
# 取到湖北省的数据
city_data = data_dict['areaTree'][0]['children'][6]['children']

# 准备数据为元组存放到list中
data_list = []
for citydata in city_data:
    if citydata["name"] == "神农架":
        city_name = citydata["name"] + "林区"
    elif citydata["name"] == "恩施州":
        city_name = citydata["name"][:-1]+ "土家族苗族自治州"
    else:
        city_name = citydata["name"] + "市"
    city_confirms = citydata['total']['confirm']
    data_list.append((city_name,city_confirms))


# 构建地图
map = Map()
# 添加数据
map.add("确诊人数",data_list,"湖北")
# 设置全局选项
map.set_global_opts(
    title_opts=TitleOpts(title="湖北省疫情地图"),
    visualmap_opts=VisualMapOpts(  # 添加视觉映射
        is_show=True,              # 是否显示
        is_piecewise=True,         # 是否分段
        pieces=[
            {"min":1,"max":99, "lable": '1~99人', "color": "#CCFFFF"},
            {"min":100,"max":999,"lable":"100~999人","color": "#FFFF99"},
            {"min":1000,"max":4999,"lable":"1000~4999人","color": "#FF9966"},
            {"min":5000,"max":9999,"lable":"5000~99999人","color": "#FF6666"},
            {"min":10000,"max":99999,"lable":"10000~99999人","color":  "#CC3333"},
            {"min":100000,"lable":"100000+","color":"#990033"}
        ]
    )
)
# 绘制地图
map.render("湖北省疫情地图.html")

运行效果