Runtime源码解析alloc

前言

alloc

@interface Test : NSObject

@end

@implementation Test

@end

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    Test *test = [Test alloc];
}

通过汇编查看调用流程

1. objc_alloc方法

id
objc_alloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, true/*checkNil*/, false/*allocWithZone*/);
}

2. callAlloc方法

static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__ // 判断是否是objc2.0版本,目前所采用都是2.0版本
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
        return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
    }
#endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) {
        return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
    }
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}

#define fastpath(x) (__builtin_expect(bool(x), 1)) // fastpath(x):x很可能为真 
#define slowpath(x) (__builtin_expect(bool(x), 0)) // slowpath(x):x很可能为假,为真的概率很小 
首次进入
+ (id)alloc {
    return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
非首次进入
  • 会直接进入_objc_rootAllocWithZone方法
LLVM优化

3. _objc_rootAllocWithZone方法

NEVER_INLINE
id
_objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
    // allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
    return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
                                         OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}

4. _class_createInstanceFromZone方法

static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
                              int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
                              bool cxxConstruct = true,
                              size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());

    // Read class's info bits all at once for performance
    bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
    bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
    bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
    size_t size;
	
    // 1. 计算需要初始化大小
    size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
    if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;

    // 2. 开辟对应大小内存空间
    id obj;
    if (zone) {
        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
        obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }
    if (slowpath(!obj)) {
        if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
            return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
        }
        return nil;
    }
	
    // 3. 把开辟的内存和类关联起来
    if (!zone && fast) {
        obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
        // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
        // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
        obj->initIsa(cls);
    }

    if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
        return obj;
    }

    construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
    return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
instanceSize:计算内存大小
inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
    // 是否通过缓存快速计算大小
    if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
        return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
    }
	
    // 没有缓存计算大小
    size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
    // CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
    if (size < 16) size = 16;  
    return size;
}
fastInstanceSize
size_t fastInstanceSize(size_t extra) const
{
    ASSERT(hasFastInstanceSize(extra));

    if (__builtin_constant_p(extra) &amp;&amp; extra == 0) {
        return _flags &amp; FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK16;
    } else {
        size_t size = _flags &amp; FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK;
        // remove the FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 that was added
        // by setFastInstanceSize
        // 删除setFastInstanceSize添加的FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 8个字节
        // 进行16字节对齐
        return align16(size + extra - FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16);
    }
}
static inline size_t align16(size_t x) {
    return (x + size_t(15)) &amp; ~size_t(15);
}
alignedInstanceSize
// Class's ivar size rounded up to a pointer-size boundary.
uint32_t alignedInstanceSize() const {
    return word_align(unalignedInstanceSize());
}
  1. 我们需要获取内存对齐大小unalignedInstanceSize()
// May be unaligned depending on class's ivars.
// 可以根据类的成员变量进行对齐。
uint32_t unalignedInstanceSize() const {
    ASSERT(isRealized());
    return data()->ro()->instanceSize;
}
  1. 对获取到的内存大小,进行对齐
#define WORD_MASK 7UL
static inline uint32_t word_align(uint32_t x) {
    return (x + WORD_MASK) & ~WORD_MASK;
}
malloc/calloc:开辟内存
initInstanceIsa/initIsa:内存和类关联
inline void 
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
    ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
    ASSERT(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());

    initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}

总结

  • alloc核心方法是_class_createInstanceFromZone
  • alloc核心作用就是开辟内存,通过isa指针与类进行关联

init

- (id)init {
    return _objc_rootInit(self);
}

id
_objc_rootInit(id obj)
{
    // In practice, it will be hard to rely on this function.
    // Many classes do not properly chain -init calls.
    return obj;
}

new

  • 我们开发中,会发现有时候会直接调用new,而不是alloc init
+ (id)new {
    return [callAlloc(self, false/*checkNil*/) init];
}

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42376419/article/details/128226510

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