本文介绍: 随着微服务的流行,服务服务之间稳定性变得越来越重要。Sentinel面向分布式、多语言异构化服务架构流量治理组件,主要以流量切入点,从流量路由流量控制流量整形熔断降级系统适应过载保护热点流量防护多个维度来帮助开发者保障微服务的稳定性。https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/Sentinel-核心解析/*** 1.未配置流控规则 1000次请求没有间隔发起请求应该在1秒中完成09:44:33* @return*/

前言作者查阅了Sentinel官网、51CTO、CSDN、码农家园、博客园等很多技术文章没有很准确的springmvc集成Sentinel的示例,因此整理了本文,主要介绍SpringMvc集成Sentinel

SpringMvc集成Sentinel

一、Sentinel 介绍

随着微服务的流行,服务和服务之间稳定性变得越来越重要。Sentinel 是面向分布式、多语言异构化服务架构的流量治理组件,主要以流量为切入点,从流量路由、流量控制、流量整形熔断降级系统自适应过载保护热点流量防护多个维度来帮助开发者保障微服务的稳定性。

GitHub主页https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel

中文文档https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/introduction.html

控制台文档https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/dashboard.html

核心解析https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/Sentinel-核心类解析

Sentinel示例项目https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/tree/master/sentinel-demo

https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/tree/master/spring-cloud-alibaba-examples/sentinel-example

二、Sentinel 基本概念

资源

资源是 Sentinel 的关键概念。它可以是 Java 应用程序中的任何内容例如,由应用程序提供的服务,或由应用程序调用的其它应用提供的服务,甚至可以是一段代码。在接下来文档中,我们都会用资源描述代码块。

只要通过 Sentinel API 定义代码就是资源能够被 Sentinel 保护起来。大部分情况下,可以使用方法签名,URL,甚至服务名称作为资源名来标示资源

规则

围绕资源的实时状态设定的规则,可以包括流量控制规则、熔断降级规则以及系统保护规则。所有规则可以动态实时调整。

三、springMVC集成Sentinel

这里用的是spring

<spring.version&gt;5.3.18</spring.version&gt;

<servlet.api.version&gt;2.5</servlet.api.version&gt; <sentinel.version&gt;1.8.6</sentinel.version>

1、springmvc项目引入依赖pom

        <!-- 这是sentinel核心依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-core</artifactId>
            <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 这是将自己项目和sentinel-dashboard打通的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-transport-simple-http</artifactId>
            <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 这是使用sentinel限流资源进行AOP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-annotation-aspectj</artifactId>
            <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--这是使用sentinel适配Web Servlet依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-web-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 这是使用sentinel热点参数限流功能依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-parameter-flow-control</artifactId>
            <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
        </dependency>

2、添加配置文件

application.properties创建同级文件sentinel.properties内容如下

# 集成到sentinel的项目名称
project.name=spring-sentinel-demo
# 对应的sentinel-dashboard地址
csp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080

3、添加配置引入配置文件

创建配置类SentinelAspectConfiguration并引入配置文件sentinel.properties

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.aspectj.SentinelResourceAspect;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;

@Configuration
@PropertySources({@PropertySource("classpath:/sentinel.properties")})
public class SentinelAspectConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public SentinelResourceAspect sentinelResourceAspect() {
        return new SentinelResourceAspect();
    }
}

4、web.xml新增如下过滤器配置

 <filter>
        <filter-name>SentinelCommonFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.CommonFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>SentinelCommonFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

接入 filter 之后,所有访问的 Web URL 就会被自动统计为 Sentinel 的资源—来源于 https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/open-source-framework-integrations.html

开源框架适配的Web 适配下的Web Servlet

5、创建Controller接口

@Controller
public class WebMvcTestController {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    @ResponseBody
    public String apiHello(String id) {
        System.out.println("id = " + id);
        Date date = new Date();
        System.out.println("date = " + date);
        return "Hello!";
    }

    @GetMapping("/doBusiness")
    @ResponseBody
    public String doBusiness(String id) {
        System.out.println("doBusiness = ");
        return "Oops...";
    }
 }

6、下载控制台-即图形化实时监控平台

参考 https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/dashboard.html Sentinel 控制台的下载和启动

访问 https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/tag/1.8.6

点击下载

7、运行控制台

java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard.jar

运行控制台后运行springmvc项目,然后访问一个路径,就可以在控制台看到了,实时监控如果这个路径没有被访问显示不出来的

这个时候我们配置限流为即Qps为2

8、测试限流

这里我们postman进行压测填写请求路径保存。并点击run调出压测执行器

执行查看结果如下

四、自定义异常返回

1、定义如下接口(这里只进行了常见url定义方式的定义)

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class WebMvcTestController {
  
    /**
     * 1.未配置流控规则 1000次请求没有间隔发起请求应该在1秒中完成09:44:33
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/RequestMapping")
    @ResponseBody
    public String RequestMapping(String id) {
        return "RequestMapping!";
    }

    @GetMapping("/GetMapping")
    @ResponseBody
    public String GetMapping(String id) {
        return "GetMapping...";
    }

    @PostMapping("/PostMapping")
    @ResponseBody
    public String PostMapping(String id) {
        return "PostMapping...";
    }

    /*
    * 路径变量(Path Variables):使用括号 {} 来标记路径中的变量,并通过 @PathVariable 注解将其绑定方法参数上
    * */
    @GetMapping("/GetMapping/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String apiFoo(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return "Hello " + id;
    }

    /*
    * Ant风格路径匹配:
    *   使用 ? 表示任意个字符,
    *   * 表示任意个字符(不包含路径分隔符 /),
    *   ** 表示任意个字符包含路径分隔符 /)。
    * */
    @GetMapping("/Ant/*/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String Ant(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return "Ant " + id;
    }

    /*
    * 正则表达式路径匹配:使用 @RequestMapping 注解value 属性结合正则表达式来定义请求路径。
    * */
    @GetMapping(value = "/users/{id:\d+}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String pattern(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "Ant " + id;
    }
}



2、自定义限流返回处理Handler

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.UrlBlockHandler;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.authority.AuthorityException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.param.ParamFlowException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.system.SystemBlockException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.condition.PatternsRequestCondition;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfo;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping;
import org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;


public class SentinelExceptionHandler implements UrlBlockHandler {

    @Override
    public void blocked(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, BlockException e) throws IOException {
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
        System.out.println("servletPath = " + servletPath);
        System.out.println("requestURI = " + requestURI);
        System.out.println("url = " + url);
        if (contextPath == null) {
            contextPath = "";
        }
        ApplicationContext controllerApplicationContext = LiteFlowApplicationContext.getControllerApplicationContext();
        RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping = controllerApplicationContext.getBean(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class);
        // 查找匹配的处理方法
        Class<?> returnType = null;
        Map<RequestMappingInfo, HandlerMethod> handlerMethods = handlerMapping.getHandlerMethods();
        for (Map.Entry<RequestMappingInfo, HandlerMethod> entry : handlerMethods.entrySet()) {
            RequestMappingInfo requestMappingInfo = entry.getKey();
            HandlerMethod handlerMethod = entry.getValue();
            //匹配url
            if (requestMappingInfo.getPatternsCondition().getPatterns().contains(requestURI)) {
                System.out.println("Controller: " + handlerMethod.getBeanType().getName());
                System.out.println("Method: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getName());
                System.out.println("getReturnType: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType());
                returnType = handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType();
                break;
            }
            //匹配路径带参数的url
            UrlPathHelper pathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
            String lookupPath = pathHelper.getPathWithinApplication(request);
            PatternsRequestCondition patternsCondition = requestMappingInfo.getPatternsCondition();
            if (patternsCondition != null &amp;&amp; patternsCondition.getMatchingPatterns(lookupPath).size() > 0) {
                System.out.println("Controller1111: " + handlerMethod.getBeanType().getName());
                System.out.println("Method111: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getName());
                System.out.println("getReturnType: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType());
                returnType = handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType();
                break;
            }
        }
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        ResponseData data = null;
        if (returnType != null) {
            if (returnType == String.class) {
                String str = "返回类型字符串方法限流";
                httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(str);
                return;
            } else if (returnType == Integer.class) {
                httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(new Integer(1));
                return;
            } else if (returnType == Long.class) {
                httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(2);
                return;
            } else if (returnType == Double.class) {

            } else if (returnType == Boolean.class) {

            } else if (returnType == Float.class) {

            } else if (returnType == Byte.class) {

            }
        }
        //BlockException 异常接口,包含Sentinel的五个异常
        // FlowException 限流异常
        // DegradeException 降级异常
        // ParamFlowException 参数限流异常
        // AuthorityException 授权异常
        // SystemBlockException 系统负载异常
        if (e instanceof FlowException) {
            data = new ResponseData(-1, "流控规则被触发......");
        } else if (e instanceof DegradeException) {
            data = new ResponseData(-2, "降级规则被触发...");
        } else if (e instanceof AuthorityException) {
            data = new ResponseData(-3, "授权规则被触发...");
        } else if (e instanceof ParamFlowException) {
            data = new ResponseData(-4, "热点规则被触发...");
        } else if (e instanceof SystemBlockException) {
            data = new ResponseData(-5, "系统规则被触发...");
        }
        httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(data));
    }
}

3、使用自定义限流处理

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.WebCallbackManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class SentinelConfig {


    public SentinelConfig() {
        WebCallbackManager.setUrlBlockHandler(new SentinelExceptionHandler());
    }
}

4、配置限流并测试结果

开启限流后访问触发自定义UrlBlockHandler后结果如下

访问对应得url后控制台打印

servletPath = /test/RequestMapping
requestURI = /test/RequestMapping
url = http://localhost:8081/test/RequestMapping
Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method: RequestMapping
getReturnType: class java.lang.String
servletPath = /test/GetMapping
requestURI = /test/GetMapping
url = http://localhost:8081/test/GetMapping
Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method: GetMapping
getReturnType: class java.lang.String
servletPath = /test/PostMapping
requestURI = /test/PostMapping
url = http://localhost:8081/test/PostMapping
Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method: PostMapping
getReturnType: class java.lang.String
servletPath = /test/GetMapping/4
requestURI = /test/GetMapping/4
url = http://localhost:8081/test/GetMapping/4
Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method111: apiFoo
getReturnType: class java.lang.String
servletPath = /test/Ant/a/5
requestURI = /test/Ant/a/5
url = http://localhost:8081/test/Ant/a/5
Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method111: Ant
getReturnType: class java.lang.String
servletPath = /test/users/5
requestURI = /test/users/5
url = http://localhost:8081/test/users/5
Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
Method111: pattern
getReturnType: class java.lang.String

5、页面效果如下

五、springboot集成Sentinel

因为springboot集成文章较多,这里不多做赘述

Sentinel 与 Spring Boot/Spring Cloud 的整合Sentinel Spring Cloud Starter

作者京东健康 马仁喜

来源:京东开发社区 转载请注明来源

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/JDDTechTalk/article/details/134708172

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