本文介绍: 配置的分词器使用专业的中文分词器(IK分词器),配置分词模式为(ik_smart),配置字符过滤(char_filters)、过滤令牌(filter)。ES官网关于自定义分词器的参数说明ES官网关于定义分词器,type参数说明ES官网关于构建内置或者自定义分词器tokenizer参数说明ES官网关于char-filters字符过滤配置。

参考官网文档:

        【
ES创建自定义词语分析器(自定义分析器接收参数,demo示例)

        【
ES创建索引时Mapping映射配置analyzer参数(为字段配置不同的分析器,demo示例)

环境

  • elasticsearch6.8.6版本:已安装ik分词器、icu分词器、pinyin分词器(分词器版本要和es版本一致)
  • postman测试工具
  • 视图工具elasticsearch-head(https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head

注!
        以下postman截图中{{domain}}等于 http://127.0.0.1:9200

创建索引:配置自定义分词器、字段指定分词器

        配置的分词器使用专业的中文分词器(IK分词器),配置分词模式为(ik_smart),配置字符过滤(char_filters)、过滤令牌(filter)。

自定义分词器参数说明

        【ES官网关于自定义分词器的参数说明
        【ES官网关于定义分词器,type参数说明
        【ES官网关于构建内置或者自定义分词器tokenizer参数说明
        【ES官网关于char-filters字符过滤配置

image.png

创建索引:custom_analyzer_comment

        【ES官网,分词器API

postman请求:
image.png
发送创建索引命令:参数有注释

# 创建索引:custom_analyzer_comment
PUT {{domain}}/custom_analyzer_comment


# 创建索引的参数:分词器配置、mapping字段映射配置
{
    "settings": {
        // 索引配置,配置分片
        "index": {
            "number_of_shards": "5",
            "number_of_replicas": "1"
        },
        // 分词器配置
        "analysis": {
            "analyzer": {
                // 把default的key替换为自定义分词器名称:(key)名称随意,但是该名称会被映射中字段配置为分词器
                "my_custom_analyzer": {
                    // 选项可缺省。类型设置为custom(自定义),或者缺省此配置
                    "type": "custom",
                    // 这是一个必填项。使用内置或者自定义的分词器,填写分词器名称。如:使用内置的simple分词器就填写simple;这里使用的是ik分词器,ik_smart
                    "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
                    // 类型数组。选择内置或者配置自定义配置-->字符过滤。如过滤一些中文敏感词
                    "char_filter": [
                        // 字符过滤器去除 HTML 元素(如)并解码 HTML 实体(如 <b> &amp; )
                        "html_strip",
                        // 字符筛选器将指定字符串的任何匹配项替换为指定的替换项
                        // 同时也支持自定义名称,需要到与analyzer对象同级的char_filter做单独配置
                        // 敏感词过滤配置
                        "my_sensitive"
                    ],
                    // 类型数组。选择内置或者配置自定义配置--> 令牌筛选过滤
                    "filter": [
                        // 英文全部转为小写的令牌过滤标记,此项内置。
                        "lowercase",
                        // 配置一个自定义的中文停用词
                        "chinese_stop_word"
                    ],
                    // 配置编制索引时的间隙:缺省值100,详情看官网
                    "position_increment_gap": 100
                },
                // 配置第二个英文停用词分析器
                "my_custom_analyzer_enstop": {
                    // 自定义分词器
                    "type": "custom",
                    // 同样使用ik分词器
                    "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
                    "filter": [
                        "lowercase",
                        // 英文停用词过滤
                        "english_stop_sord"
                    ]
                }
            },
            // 把字符过滤放在和analyzer同级,为mapping类型字符映射做自定义配置
            "char_filter": {
                "my_sensitive": {
                    // 为analyzer.my_custom_analyzer.char_filter.my_sensitive做单独配置
                    "type": "mapping",
                    // 比如做敏感词替换
                    "mappings": [
                        "操 => *",
                        "我操 => **",
                        "草 => 艹"
                    ]
                }
            },
            // 令牌过滤放在和analyzer同级,为filter中chinese_stop_word做自定义配置
            "filter": {
                // 配置自定义的中文停用词
                // 这个名字是analyzer中定义的中文停用词配置
                "chinese_stop_word": {
                    "type": "stop",
                    "stopwords": [
                        "嗯",
                        "啊",
                        "这",
                        "是",
                        "哦",
                        "噢",
                        "那"
                    ]
                },
                "english_stop_sord": {
                    "type": "stop",
                    "stopwords": "_english_"
                }
            }
        }
    },
    // 配置字段映射关系、配置字段类型、配置字段指定分词器
    "mapping": {
        "_doc": {
            "properties": {
                // 评论ID
                "id": {
                    "type": "long"
                },
                // 用户网名
                "username": {
                    "type": "text",
                    // 以下三个分词器同时生效:新增字段索引时、字段查询时
                    // analyzer:将索引指向my_custom_analyzer分词器
                    "analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer",
                    // search_analyzer:指向my_custom_analyzer_enstop分词器
                    "search_analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer_enstop",
                    // 指向my_custom_analyzer分词器,并保证不从一个被引用的短语中删除停用词
                    // 如:被引号括起来的短语“This is a sanmao”这里面的停用词不会被删除
                    "search_quote_analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer"
                },
                // 评论内容
                "comment_content": {
                    "type": "text",
                    "analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer",
                    "search_analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer_enstop",
                    "search_quote_analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer"
                },
                // 评论创建时间
                "create_date": {
                    "type": "date"
                },
                // 评论展示状态:1 允许展示 0 评论被屏蔽
                "show_status": {
                    "type": "int"
                },
                // 评论是否删除 1 已删除、0未删除
                "deleted": {
                    "type": "int"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

使用索引中自定义的分词器进行分词分析

自定义分词器my_custom_analyzer分词测试:

分词结果查询:
        【ES6.8.6 分词器安装&使用、查询分词结果(内置分词器、icu、ik、pinyin分词器)-CSDN博客

        my_custom_analyzer分词器:使用了ik_smart粗粒度分词器,支持过滤html标签、支持替换敏感词(替换的敏感词见请求参数)、支持英文全转为小写、支持中文停用词(自定义中文停用词,停用词见请求参数)

测试中文停用词、英文字母转小写

postman请求:image.png
请求命令:

GET /custom_analyzer_comment/_analyze

参数===>
{
    "analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer",
    "text": "这,这,这,你?啥也不是。答:哦,那是什么? | This is a SANMAO"
}

预期结果===>
"这",被停用,在分词中被删除;
"哦",被停用,在分词中被删除;
"那",被停用,在分词中被删除;(实际与预期不符,"那是"被分词为短语,所以"那"没有被停用)

分词结果:
        根据filter->chinese_stop_word中配置的停用词,未被组成短语的,都被在分词中删除,英文字母也都被转为了小写,返回结果符合预期。但是根据返回结果看,不止配置的中文停用词,英文停用词也在分词结果中被删除。

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "你",
            "start_offset": 6,
            "end_offset": 7,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "token": "啥",
            "start_offset": 8,
            "end_offset": 9,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 4
        },
        {
            "token": "也",
            "start_offset": 9,
            "end_offset": 10,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 5
        },
        {
            "token": "不是",
            "start_offset": 10,
            "end_offset": 12,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 6
        },
        {
            "token": "答",
            "start_offset": 13,
            "end_offset": 14,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 7
        },
        {
            "token": "那是",
            "start_offset": 17,
            "end_offset": 19,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 9
        },
        {
            "token": "什么",
            "start_offset": 19,
            "end_offset": 21,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 10
        },
        {
            "token": "sanmao",
            "start_offset": 35,
            "end_offset": 41,
            "type": "ENGLISH",
            "position": 11
        }
    ]
}
测试敏感词替换:根据分词字符过滤配置替换敏感词

postman请求:
image.png
请求命令:

GET /custom_analyzer_comment/_analyze

参数===>
{
    "analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer",
    "text": "我草尼玛,你知道,你在说神马?操,我操,我草。这,真啥也不是!"
}

预期结果===>
"草",被替换"艹";
"操",被替换"*";(实际不符合预期,直接被删除了)
"我操",被替换"**";(实际不符合预期,直接被删除了)
"我草",被替换"我艹";

分词结果:
        敏感词替换分词生效。但是替换的星号直接在分词结果中被删除。

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "我",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 1,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "艹",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 2,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "尼玛",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "你",
            "start_offset": 5,
            "end_offset": 6,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "token": "知道",
            "start_offset": 6,
            "end_offset": 8,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 4
        },
        {
            "token": "你",
            "start_offset": 9,
            "end_offset": 10,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 5
        },
        {
            "token": "在说",
            "start_offset": 10,
            "end_offset": 12,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 6
        },
        {
            "token": "神马",
            "start_offset": 12,
            "end_offset": 14,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 7
        },
        {
            "token": "我",
            "start_offset": 20,
            "end_offset": 21,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 8
        },
        {
            "token": "艹",
            "start_offset": 21,
            "end_offset": 22,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 9
        },
        {
            "token": "真",
            "start_offset": 25,
            "end_offset": 26,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 11
        },
        {
            "token": "啥",
            "start_offset": 26,
            "end_offset": 27,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 12
        },
        {
            "token": "也",
            "start_offset": 27,
            "end_offset": 28,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 13
        },
        {
            "token": "不是",
            "start_offset": 28,
            "end_offset": 30,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 14
        }
    ]
}

自定义分词器my_custom_analyzer_enstop分词测试

        my_custom_analyzer_enstop分词器:使用了ik_smart粗粒度分词器,支持英文全转为小写、支持英文停用词。
postman测试:综合测试,敏感词,中文停用词、大小写是否会如预期被分词器处理。

image.png
请求命令:

# 测试分词结果
GET /custom_analyzer_comment/_analyze


# 参数 ==>
{
    "analyzer": "my_custom_analyzer_enstop",
    "text": "我草尼玛,你知道,你在说神马?操,我操,我草。这,真啥也不是!| This is a SANMAO"
}

分词结果:
        敏感词没有替换、中文停用词没有替换,符合预期分词;
        英文停用词删除、英文大小转小写,符合预期分词;

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "我",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 1,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "草",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 2,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "尼玛",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "你",
            "start_offset": 5,
            "end_offset": 6,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "token": "知道",
            "start_offset": 6,
            "end_offset": 8,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 4
        },
        {
            "token": "你",
            "start_offset": 9,
            "end_offset": 10,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 5
        },
        {
            "token": "在说",
            "start_offset": 10,
            "end_offset": 12,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 6
        },
        {
            "token": "神马",
            "start_offset": 12,
            "end_offset": 14,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 7
        },
        {
            "token": "操",
            "start_offset": 15,
            "end_offset": 16,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 8
        },
        {
            "token": "我",
            "start_offset": 17,
            "end_offset": 18,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 9
        },
        {
            "token": "操",
            "start_offset": 18,
            "end_offset": 19,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 10
        },
        {
            "token": "我",
            "start_offset": 20,
            "end_offset": 21,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 11
        },
        {
            "token": "草",
            "start_offset": 21,
            "end_offset": 22,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 12
        },
        {
            "token": "这",
            "start_offset": 23,
            "end_offset": 24,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 13
        },
        {
            "token": "真",
            "start_offset": 25,
            "end_offset": 26,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 14
        },
        {
            "token": "啥",
            "start_offset": 26,
            "end_offset": 27,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 15
        },
        {
            "token": "也",
            "start_offset": 27,
            "end_offset": 28,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 16
        },
        {
            "token": "不是",
            "start_offset": 28,
            "end_offset": 30,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 17
        },
        {
            "token": "sanmao",
            "start_offset": 43,
            "end_offset": 49,
            "type": "ENGLISH",
            "position": 18
        }
    ]
}

附录

在创建索引时出现的异常

        可能因es版本不同,出现配置字段类型不一样。

illegal_state_exception –> only value lists are allowed in serialized settings

        错误原因:在序列化设置中仅允许值列表。分析是某个配置字段接收的参数类型不正确。

        错误返回:

{
    "error": {
        "caused_by": {
            "reason": "only value lists are allowed in serialized settings",
            "type": "illegal_state_exception"
        },
        "reason": "Failed to load settings from [{"index":{"number_of_shards":"5","number_of_replicas":"1"},"analysis":{"filter":[{"chinese_stop_word":{"type":"stop","stopwords":["嗯","啊","这","是","哦","噢","那"]}}],"char_filter":[{"mappings":["操 => *","我操 => **","草 => 艹"],"type":"mapping"}],"analyzer":{"my_custom_analyzer_enstop":{"filter":["lowercase","english_stop"],"type":"custom","tokenizer":"ik_smart"},"my_custom_analyzer":{"filter":["lowercase","chinese_stop_word"],"char_filter":["html_strip","mapping"],"position_increment_gap":100,"type":"custom","tokenizer":"ik_smart"}}}}]",
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "reason": "Failed to load settings from [{"index":{"number_of_shards":"5","number_of_replicas":"1"},"analysis":{"filter":[{"chinese_stop_word":{"type":"stop","stopwords":["嗯","啊","这","是","哦","噢","那"]}}],"char_filter":[{"mappings":["操 => *","我操 => **","草 => 艹"],"type":"mapping"}],"analyzer":{"my_custom_analyzer_enstop":{"filter":["lowercase","english_stop"],"type":"custom","tokenizer":"ik_smart"},"my_custom_analyzer":{"filter":["lowercase","chinese_stop_word"],"char_filter":["html_strip","mapping"],"position_increment_gap":100,"type":"custom","tokenizer":"ik_smart"}}}}]",
                "type": "settings_exception"
            }
        ],
        "type": "settings_exception"
    },
    "status": 500
}

        错误修改:

...
"char_filter": [
      {
          // 为analyzer.my_custom_analyzer.char_filter.mapping做单独配置
          "type": "mapping",
          // 比如做敏感词替换
          "mappings": [
              "操 => *",
              "我操 => **",
              "草 => 艹"
          ]
      }
  ]
...

修改为
...
"char_filter": {
      "my_sensitive": {
          // 为analyzer.my_custom_analyzer.char_filter.my_sensitive做单独配置
          "type": "mapping",
          // 比如做敏感词替换
          "mappings": [
              "操 => *",
              "我操 => **",
              "草 => 艹"
          ]
      }
  }
...

参考链接

elasticsearch中使用停用词过滤器_es停用词-CSDN博客

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/dongzi_yu/article/details/135845755

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