TypeScript深度剖析:TypeScript 中枚举类型应用场景？

本文介绍: 在日常生活中也很常见，例如表示星期的SUNDAY、MONDAY、TUESDAY、WEDNESDAY、THURSDAY、FRIDAY、SATURDAY就可以看成是一个枚举。枚举是一个被命名的整型常数的集合，用于声明一组命名的常数,当一个变量有几种可能的取值时,可以将它定义为枚举类型。包括后端日常返回0、1 等等状态的时候，我们都可以通过枚举去定义，这样可以提高代码的可读性，便于后续的维护。通俗来说，枚举就是一个对象的所有可能取值的集合。通常情况下我们很少会使用异构枚举。

枚举是一个被命名的整型常数的集合，用于声明一组命名的常数,当一个变量有几种可能的取值时,可以将它定义为枚举类型

通俗来说，枚举就是一个对象的所有可能取值的集合

在日常生活中也很常见，例如表示星期的SUNDAY、MONDAY、TUESDAY、WEDNESDAY、THURSDAY、FRIDAY、SATURDAY就可以看成是一个枚举

枚举的说明与结构和联合相似，其形式为：

enum 枚举名{
    标识符①[=整型常数],
    标识符②[=整型常数],
    ...
    标识符N[=整型常数],
}枚举变量;

枚举的使用是通过enum关键字进行定义，形式如下：

enum xxx { ... }

// 声明d为枚举类型Direction
let d: Direction;

enum Direction {
    Up,   // 值默认为 0
    Down, // 值默认为 1
    Left, // 值默认为 2
    Right // 值默认为 3
}

console.log(Direction.Up === 0); // true
console.log(Direction.Down === 1); // true
console.log(Direction.Left === 2); // true
console.log(Direction.Right === 3); // true

enum Direction {
    Up = 10,
    Down,
    Left,
    Right
}

console.log(Direction.Up, Direction.Down, Direction.Left, Direction.Right); // 10 11 12 13

枚举类型的值其实也可以是字符串类型：

enum Direction {
    Up = 'Up',
    Down = 'Down',
    Left = 'Left',
    Right = 'Right'
}

console.log(Direction['Right'], Direction.Up); // Right Up

enum Direction {
 Up = 'UP',
 Down, // error TS1061: Enum member must have initializer
 Left, // error TS1061: Enum member must have initializer
 Right // error TS1061: Enum member must have initializer
}

enum BooleanLikeHeterogeneousEnum {
    No = 0,
    Yes = "YES",
}

enum Direction {
    Up,
    Down,
    Left,
    Right
}

通过编译后，javascript如下：

var Direction;
(function (Direction) {
    Direction[Direction["Up"] = 0] = "Up";
    Direction[Direction["Down"] = 1] = "Down";
    Direction[Direction["Left"] = 2] = "Left";
    Direction[Direction["Right"] = 3] = "Right";
})(Direction || (Direction = {}));

上述代码可以看到， Direction[Direction["Up"] = 0] = "Up"可以分成

enum Direction {
    Up,
    Down,
    Left,
    Right
}

console.log(Direction.Up === 0); // true
console.log(Direction[0]); // Up

enum Direction {
    Up = 'Up',
    Down = 'Down',
    Left = 'Left',
    Right = 'Right'
}

enum Direction {
    Center = 1
}

编译后，js代码如下：

var Direction;
(function (Direction) {
    Direction["Up"] = "Up";
    Direction["Down"] = "Down";
    Direction["Left"] = "Left";
    Direction["Right"] = "Right";
})(Direction || (Direction = {}));
(function (Direction) {
    Direction[Direction["Center"] = 1] = "Center";
})(Direction || (Direction = {}));

可以看到，Direction对象属性回叠加

enum Days {Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat};

console.log(Days["Sun"] === 0); // true
console.log(Days["Mon"] === 1); // true
console.log(Days["Tue"] === 2); // true
console.log(Days["Sat"] === 6); // true