前言
最近在做一个项目,需要使用外放播放声音和麦克风拾取录音,然后还要用到摄像头。采购了一个麦克风和一个USB摄像头。结果部署过程中发现摄像头自带的麦克风被识别为默认麦克风,而且每次开机几乎都是这样,然后专业麦克风必须在声音页面选择才能指定为默认麦克风。
最终实现的需求是交付给客户后可以直接使用,肯定不可能让客户每次开机手动选择一下。
一、pulseaudio 是什么?
PulseAudio is a networked low-latency sound server for Linux, POSIX and Windows systems.
Ubuntu桌面版系统使用的就是pulseaudio ,我们的命令也和这个有关系。
二、配置外放
1.查看所有的外放设备
pacmd list-sinks
1 sink(s) available.
* index: 1
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 9039
volume: front-left: 32768 / 50% / -18.06 dB, front-right: 32768 / 50% / -18.06 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max request: 0 KiB
max rewind: 0 KiB
monitor source: 1
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 23
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "CX20751/2 Analog"
alsa.id = "CX20751/2 Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xc4314000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "9ca0"
device.product.name = "Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:1"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority 10000, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
active port: <analog-output-speaker>
我使用的是笔记本内置外放,也没插额外的外放,所以列表里只有一个。
2.设定默认的外放设备
设定方法有两个,一是根据index来设定,二是根据name来设定。这里推荐使用name,因为index会变,不是说随时会变,而是每次开机都可能不一样,所以这个方法确认不是好方法。但,也不是说完全不行,只是需要经过稍微复杂点的处理,比如根据awk等工具预处理,找到你想要的那个index再使用,麻烦肯定是麻烦点。
而使用name设定就没有这个问题,前提是你没有改动过驱动等配置。
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-default-sink <name>
#示例
pactl set-default-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
3.设定外放设备的声音强度
先看下接受的数据格式:
VOLUME can be specified as an integer (e.g. 2000, 16384), a linear factor
(e.g. 0.4, 1.100), a percentage (e.g. 10%, 100%) or a decibel value (e.g. 0dB,
20dB). If the volume specification start with a + or – the volume adjustment will
be relative to the current sink volume. A single volume value affects all channels;
if multiple volume values are given their number has to match the sink’s number of
channels.
简单翻一下:支持整数,小数,百分比,分贝。这里我选择百分比,没别的原因,因为简单。其他的方式不要滥用,最好带上耳塞,免得震聋耳朵!
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-sink-volume <外放name> <百分比>
#示例
pactl set-sink-volume alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 50%
4.设定外放设备静音
理论上声音设置为0%也可以的,但是那不是真正的静音,至少0%音量或许只是声音特别小。
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-sink-mute <name> 1
#示例
pactl set-sink-mute alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 1
下面是声音0%,不静音
这下看出差别了吧!
三、配置麦克风
1.查看所有的麦克风设备
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pacmd list-sources
2 source(s) available.
index: 1
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 1030
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max rewind: 344 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 2000.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
monitor_of: 1
card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 23
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xc4314000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "9ca0"
device.product.name = "Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "1"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
* index: 2
name: <alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 9039
volume: front-left: 32768 / 50% / -18.06 dB, front-right: 32768 / 50% / -18.06 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 13076 / 20% / -42.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 23
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "CX20751/2 Analog"
alsa.id = "CX20751/2 Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xc4314000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "9ca0"
device.product.name = "Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:1"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-input-internal-mic: Internal Microphone (priority 8900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
active port: <analog-input-internal-mic>
2.设置默认麦克风设备
和外放一样不建议使用index,原因就是重启顺序可能会变,还是使用name。
假如你不止插入一个麦克风设备(比如3.5耳机孔+USB麦克风并存)。你只需要记住你需要设置的麦克风设备的名字即可。
我这里是index前面带星号的设备,就是我目前的麦克风设备。
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-default-sources <name>
#示例
pactl set-default-sources alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
3.设置麦克风设备声音强度
多说一句,尽量不要调太高,会出现破音,基本能够满足需要就行了。
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-source-volume <name> <百分比>
#示例
pactl set-source-volume alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 50%
4.设置麦克风设备静音
#必须使用当前登录桌面的用户
pactl set-source-mute <name> 1
#示例
pactl set-source-mute alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 1
总结
1、注意不能用root权限,需要你登录desktop的那个用户执行命令
2、linux上搞外设比windows还是差点,你只能指望有声音,不能指望它能带给你什么惊喜,可能是糟心呢。小声告诉你bug不少!
3、有什么疑问的可以留言
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/jiexijihe945/article/details/134534840
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