本文介绍: Nginx(“engine x“)是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev开发高性能的 Web反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。

Nginx(“engine x“)是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev开发性能的 Web和 反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。

Nginx 安装

系统平台:CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。

一、安装编译工具及库文件


yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

二、首先要安装 PCRE

PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能

1、下载 PCRE 安装包下载地址: downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcr…


[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

2、解压安装包:


[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录


[root@bogon src]# cd pcre-8.35

4、编译安装 


[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# make && make install

5、查看pcre版本


[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version

安装 Nginx

1、下载 Nginx,下载地址nginx.org/en/download…


[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

2、解压安装包


[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录


[root@bogosrc]# cd nginx-1.6.2

4、编译安装


[root@bogonginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@bogonginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make install

5、查看nginx版本


[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

到此,nginx安装完成。

Nginx 配置

创建 Nginx 运行使用用户 www


[root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www 
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

配置nginx.conf,将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容


[root@bogon conf]#  cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  
#charset gb2312;
     
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
     
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
 
  #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
 #下面是server虚拟主机配置
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
  # access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
   # access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }

}

检查配置文件nginx.conf正确命令


[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

启动 Nginx

Nginx 启动命令如下:


[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

访问站点

浏览器访问我们配置站点ip:

Nginx 其他命令

以下包含了 Nginx 常用的几个命令:


/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

关于 uri截取

location 中的 root 和 alias

示例 1:root


#------------目录结构----------
/www/x1/index.html
/www/x2/index.html

#--------配置-----------------------
index index.html index.php;
location /x/ {
    root "/www/";
}

#-------访问--------------
curl http://localhost/x1/index.html
curl http://localhost/x2/index.html

示例 2:alias


#----------配置-----------------
location /y/z/ {
    alias /www/x1/;
}

#---------访问--------------
curl http://localhost/y/z/index.html

location 中的 proxy_passuri

如果 proxy_passurl 不带 uri

如果尾部是”/”,则会截断匹配uri

如果尾部不是”/”,则不会截断匹配uri

如果proxy_passurl带uri,则会截断匹配的uri

示例


#-------servers配置--------------------
location / {
    echo $uri    #回显请求的uri
}

#--------proxy_pass配置---------------------
location /t1/ { proxy_pass http://servers; }    #正常,不截断
location /t2/ { proxy_pass http://servers/; }    #正常,截断
location /t3  { proxy_pass http://servers; }    #正常,不截断
location /t4  { proxy_pass http://servers/; }    #正常,截断
location /t5/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; }    #正常,截断
location /t6/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test; }    #缺"/",截断
location /t7  { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; }    #含"//",截断
location /t8  { proxy_pass http://servers/test; }    #正常,截断
#---------访问----------------------
for i in $(seq 6)
do
    url=http://localhost/t$i/doc/index.html
    echo "-----------$url-----------"
    curl url
done

#--------结果---------------------------
----------http://localhost:8080/t1/doc/index.html------------
/t1/doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t2/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t3/doc/index.html------------
/t3/doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t4/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t5/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t6/doc/index.html------------
/testdoc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t7/doc/index.html------------
/test//doc/index.html

----------http://localhost:8080/t8/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html

默认的 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf 内容如下:


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/2301_77498991/article/details/130693336

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